Authors: Hashemian SM, Shafigh N, Afzal G, Jamaati H, Tabarsi P, Marjani M PMID: 33358260 PMCID: PMC7834188 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.10.017 Abstract Background: In December 2019, pneumonia associated with a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, China. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most frequently observed complication in COVID-19 patients with high mortality rates. Objective [...]

This article summarizes the likely benefits of melatonin in the attenuation of COVID-19 based on its putative pathogenesis.

Authors: Moore JB, June CH PMID: 32303591 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb8925 Abstract In December 2019, a new strain of coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recognized to have emerged in Wuhan, China. Along with SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome–coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 is the third coronavirus to cause severe respiratory illness in humans, called coronavirus [...]

Authors: Ye Q, Wang B, Mao J PMID: 32283152 PMCID: PMC7194613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.037 Abstract Cytokine storm is an excessive immune response to external stimuli. The pathogenesis of the cytokine storm is complex. The disease progresses rapidly, and the mortality is high. Certain evidence shows that, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, the severe deterioration [...]

Authors: McGonagle D, Sharif K, O'Regan A, Bridgewood C PMID: 32251717 PMCID: PMC7195002 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102537 Abstract Severe COVID-19 associated pneumonia patients may exhibit features of systemic hyper-inflammation designated under the umbrella term of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) or cytokine storm, also known as secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (sHLH). This is distinct from HLH associated with immunodeficiency [...]

Authors: Zhang C, Wu Z, Li JW, Zhao H, Wang GQ PMID: 32234467 PMCID: PMC7118634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105954 Abstract Since December 2019, a viral pneumonia, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), from Wuhan, China, has swept the world. Although the case fatality rate is not high, the number of people infected is large and there is still [...]

Authors: Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ PMID: 32192578 PMCID: PMC7270045 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0 Abstract As of March 12, 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been confirmed in 125 048 people worldwide, carrying a mortality of approximately 3·7%,1 compared with a mortality rate of less than 1% from influenza. There [...]

Authors: Wu D, Yang XO PMID: 32205092 PMCID: PMC7156211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.005 Abstract COVID-19 emerges as a pandemic disease with high mortality. Development of effective prevention and treatment is an urgent need. We reviewed TH17 responses in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and proposed an FDA approved JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib for reducing mortality of patients with TH17 type [...]

Authors: Leyva-Lopez N, Gutierrez-Grijalva EP, Ambriz-Perez D. PMID: PMC4926454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060921 Abstract High levels of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6, are associated with chronic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and cancer; therefore cytokine inhibition might be an important target for the treatment of these diseases. Most [...]

Authors: Zhang X, Song Y, Ci X, An N, Ju Y PMID: 19109745 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-008-8007-8 Abstract Objective and design: To investigate whether ivermectin, a semi-synthetic derivative of a family of macrocyclic lactones could inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Materials and methods: C57BL/6 mice were administered ivermectin (or saline) orally and challenged [...]